Modern Loveok

Different titration techniques are used for analyses of the nitrating acids in three different industrial processes, namely in the production of glycerol trinitrate (nitrate ester, ? C-ONO2), trinitrotoluene (nitro group, ? C-NO2) and trimethylene trinitramine (nitramine, ?N-NO2). The determination of the composition of the process acids, which consist mainly of water, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid and hexamethylenetetramine with minor amounts of nitrous acid and ammonium nitrate, are complicated by the ability of the process acids to dissolve the product to various extents. Acid-base titrations as well as oxidation-reduction titrations and voltammetry are used to provide a rapid system for analysing the process acids.